What Does UV Radiation Do to Your Eyes?
Ultraviolet radiation from the sun causes cumulative, progressive damage to the ocular structures it reaches. The effects are not immediate, which is part of why the risk is underestimated. Over years and decades, UV exposure contributes to:
- Cataracts: UV-B radiation accelerates the clouding of the crystalline lens. UV exposure is one of the most significant modifiable risk factors for cataract development. Our cataract assessment service provides early detection.
- Macular degeneration: The macula, the central region of the retina, is particularly vulnerable to UV and high-energy visible light. Long-term exposure contributes to the oxidative damage associated with macular degeneration.
- Pterygium: A growth of tissue across the white of the eye toward the cornea, associated with UV exposure. Common in people who spend significant time outdoors without eye protection.
- Photokeratitis: The eye equivalent of sunburn, usually from reflected UV off snow or water. Edmonton skiers and water-sport enthusiasts are familiar with this.
- Eyelid skin cancer: The thin skin of the eyelids is among the most UV-vulnerable skin on the body, and the periorbital region is one of the more common sites for skin cancer.
What to Look for in Sunglasses
- 100% UV400 protection: This blocks all ultraviolet radiation up to 400 nanometres, covering both UV-A and UV-B. Dark lenses without UV400 certification can actually be worse than no sunglasses, as they cause the pupil to dilate, allowing more UV to reach the retina.
- Lens size and wrap: Larger lenses and wrap-around styles protect the eyes from light entering from the sides and above. This matters particularly on water or snow.
- Polarization: Polarized lenses significantly reduce glare from reflective surfaces like roads, water, and Alberta’s snow. Highly recommended for driving, fishing, skiing, and cycling.
- Lens colour: Grey lenses provide neutral colour perception. Brown and amber lenses enhance contrast and are popular for variable outdoor conditions.
Are Prescription Sunglasses Worth It?
If you wear prescription glasses in Edmonton and rely on clip-ons or wear non-prescription sunglasses over contacts, prescription sunglasses are a significant quality-of-life upgrade. Options available at Eyes On Optometry include:
- Single vision prescription sunglasses: Full UV400 protection with your exact prescription.
- Prescription polarized lenses: Available in most prescriptions. Excellent for driving, water, and outdoor recreation.
- Photochromic prescription lenses: Lenses that automatically darken outdoors and clear indoors. A single-pair solution that handles everyday transitions without switching eyewear.
Our optical team can pair any sunglasses frame with your prescription and appropriate lens treatments. If you are not sure what your current prescription is, start with a comprehensive eye exam in Edmonton.
Children and UV Protection
Children spend significantly more time outdoors than adults and accumulate UV exposure during the years when their eyes are still developing. It is estimated that 80 percent of lifetime UV exposure occurs before age 18. Quality UV-protective eyewear for children is a long-term health investment. If your child wears glasses, discuss photochromic or prescription sunglasses options during your next children’s eye exam at Eyes On Optometry.
Edmonton Summer UV Index
Edmonton’s UV index reaches 7 to 9 (high to very high) on clear summer days from June through August. At these levels, unprotected eyes accumulate meaningful UV exposure within 30 minutes. Overcast days still transmit 80 percent or more of UV radiation.
Protect Your Eyes This Summer
Eyes On Optometry carries sunglasses frames and can prescribe prescription lenses with any UV protection or polarization option you need. Visit us or book an appointment in Edmonton to explore your options this summer.
For a broader view of protecting your vision year-round, read our complete guide on comprehensive eye exams in Edmonton and our post on how often you should get an eye exam.